Champagne, Feta, and Bourbon: The Spirited Debate about Geographical Indications

Authors

Justin Hughes, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law

Publication Date

2006

Journal

Hastings Law Journal

Abstract

Geographical Indications (GIs) are terms for foodstuffs that are associated with certain geographical areas. The law of GIs is currently in a state of flux. Legal protection for GIs mandated in the TRIPS Agreement is implemented through appellations law in France and through certification mark systems in the United States and Canada. This Article first examines the state of GIs throughout the world. The author then turns to the continuing debate between the European Union and other industrialized economies over this unique form of intellectual property. The European Union claims that increasing GI protection would aid developing countries, but, in fact, the increased protection proposed would instead secure larger monopoly rents to European farmers.

This Article reviews the three bases for the use of geographic terms: (I) to describe the geographic origin of a product; (2) to describe product characteristics (e.g., "Chicago Style Pizza"); and (3) to create evocative value as trademarks. The author argues that GI protection which is too strict may reduce consumer welfare by threatening (I) and (2) described above. For this reason, and because the prospective benefits to developing nations are illusory, any additional protection of GIs is simply unwarranted.

Volume

58

First Page

299

Publisher

UC Law San Francisco

Keywords

trademark, geographical indications, intellectual property

Disciplines

Comparative and Foreign Law | Constitutional Law | Intellectual Property Law | International Law | Law

Recommended Citation

Justin Hughes, Champagne, Feta, and Bourbon: The Spirited Debate about Geographical Indications, 58 Hastings L.J. 299 (2006).
https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/faculty-articles/748